Measuring the Impact of R&D&I Subsidies on Innovative Inputs and Outputs in Polish Manufacturing Firms

Abstract This research investigates the impact of R&D and innovation (R&D&I) subsidies on innovative inputs outputs Polish manufacturing companies. We combine unique survey data that incorporates a representative sample companies with state aid from State Aid Data Sharing System (SUDOP). Our results confirm positive role R&D&I likelihood applying for patent, filing intellectual property protection utility models, industrial designs, trademark registrations, introduction process innovations, consistent existing literature. However, also indicate an insignificant intervention firms’ expenditures product innovations. The extension analysis moderating effects internal factors affect behavior indicates exporters lead to crowding-out effect non-exporters generate additional increase propensity cooperation. Furthermore, support enterprises foreign ownership reduces their patent applications In contrast, beneficiaries predominance domestic capital, it positively impacts many output variables.